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Post by enginterzi on Feb 15, 2011 19:22:12 GMT -5
Listen folks....Mr. Terzi is/was a bad mofo on the armwrestling table and I respect him for that, BUT that's where it ends. It's painfully obvious to me that he has a deep seeded hatred towards Christians and Jews. i marri€d my wif€ as a Christian without asking h€r to b€com€ a Muslim. on€ of my b€st fri€nds is a Christian. Christian m€ans follow€rs of Christ who is a holy proph€t in my b€li€f. according to my book Christians and J€ws can go to h€av€n,can Muslims go to h€av€n accordingto your b€li€f? if th€r€ is anyon€ who is brainwash€d that is you. i €v€n post€d a l€tt€r of €inst€in who is a J€w but is against th€ zionists fascism.which should t€ach you that b€ing against fascist zionism has nothing to do b€ing against J€ws. Mos€s,J€sus,David,Solomon w€r€ J€ws and th€y all ar€ holy proph€ts for us. if w€ Turks would b€ against J€ws th€n today possibly th€y would not b€ €xist€d sinc€ 1492 wh€n Christians in Spain forc€d th€m to conv€rt Christianity or di€.gnoranc€ is not a bad thing but r€j€cting to not to l€arn i a v€ry bad thing; en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Turkey The greatest influx of Jews into Asia Minor and the Ottoman Empire, occurred during the reign of Mehmed the Conquerors's successor, Beyazid II (1481–1512), after the expulsion of the Jews from Spain and Portugal. The Sultan issued a formal invitation to Jews expelled from Spain and Portugal and they started arriving in the empire in great numbers. A key moment in Judeo-Turkic relations occurred in 1492, when more than 150,000 Spanish Jews fled the Spanish Inquisition, many to the Ottoman Empire. At that point in time, Constantinople's population was a mere 70,000 due to the various sieges of the city during the Crusades and the so-called Black Death of the 14th century, so this historical event was also significant for repopulation of the city. These Sephardic Jews settled in Constantinople as well as Salonika. The Sultan is said to have exclaimed thus at the Spanish monarch's lack of wisdom: " Ye call Ferdinand a wise king he who makes his land poor and ours rich!".[17][18] The Jews satisfied various needs in the Ottoman Empire: the Muslim Turks were largely uninterested in business enterprises and accordingly left commercial occupations to members of minority religions. They also distrusted the Christian subjects whose countries had only recently been conquered by the Ottomans and therefore it was natural to prefer Jewish subjects to which this consideration did not apply. The Spanish Jews were allowed to settle in the wealthier cities of the empire, especially in the European provinces (cities such as: Istanbul, Sarajevo, Salonica, Adrianople and Nicopolis), Western and Northern Anatolia (Bursa, Aydýn, Tokat and Amasya), but also in the Mediterranean coastal regions (for example: Jerusalem, Safed, Damascus, Egypt). Izmir was not settled by Spanish Jews until later. The Jewish population at Jerusalem increased from 70 families in 1488 to 1,500 at the beginning of the 16th century. That of Safed increased from 300 to 2,000 families and almost surpassed Jerusalem in importance. Damascus had a Sephardic congregation of 500 families. Istanbul had a Jewish community of 30,000 individuals with 44 synagogues. Bayezid allowed the Jews to live on the banks of the Golden Horn. Egypt, especially Cairo, received a large number of the exiles, who soon out-numbered the native Jews. Gradually, the chief center of the Sephardic Jews became Salonica, where the Spanish Jews soon outnumbered their co-religionists of other nationalities and, at one time, the original native inhabitants. Painting of a Jewish man from the Ottoman Empire, 1779.Although the status of the Jews in the Ottoman Empire may have often been exaggerated,[20] it is undeniable that the tolerance was enjoyed. Under the millet system they were organized as a community on the basis of religion, alongside the other millets (e.g. Orthodox millet, Armenian millet, etc.). In the framework of the millet they had a considerable amount of administrative autonomy and were represented by the Hakham Bashi, the Chief Rabbi. There were no restrictions in the professions Jews could practice analogous to those common in Western Christian countries.[21] There were restrictions in the areas Jews could live or work, but such restrictions were imposed on Ottoman subjects of other religions as well.[19] Like all non-Muslims, Jews had to pay the harac ("head tax") and faced other restrictions in clothing, horse riding, army service etc., but they could occasionally be waived or circumvented.[22] Jews who reached high positions in the Ottoman court and administration include Mehmed II's minister of Finance ("defterdar") Hekim Yakup Pasa, his Portuguese physician Moses Hamon, Murad II's physician Ishak Pasha and Abraham de Castro, the master of the mint in Egypt. During the Classical Ottoman period (1300–1600), the Jews, together with most other communities of the empire, enjoyed a certain level of prosperity. Compared with other Ottoman subjects, they were the predominant power in commerce and trade as well in diplomacy and other high offices. In the 16th century especially, the Jews were the most prominent under the millets, the apogee of Jewish influence could arguable be the appointment of Joseph Nasi to Sanjak-bey (governor, a rank usually only bestowed upon Muslims) of the island of Naxos.[23] Also in the first half of the 17th century the Jews were distinct in winning Tax farms, Haim Gerber describes it as: "My impression is that no pressure existed, that it was merely performαnce that counted."[24] I'm sure it's due in part from being brainwashed by the Turkish "Minster of Propaganda" and/or by the friendly imam's at his local mosque, but either way he just can't hide his hate for Israel and America. He may appear to be cordial to many of us (as were the 9/11 coward high jackers) on this board and to our face, but I can tell you that I will never turn my back on him or any other foreign Muslim that make my "weird-dar" go off. I'm sure he was probably smiling inside on 9/11/01 if not celebrating in the streets with all the other clowns in the middle east. Like Aaron Blevins said, you just can't fix crazy so, you Muslims just keep on blowing the $hit out of yourselves in pizza parlors and town squares all in the name of Allah (wtf?) and we'll keep on chasing the American dream......making great music, cars, working, surfing, farming, armwrestling, hunting and fishing and kicking the $hit out of anyone who phucks with us. BUT as a great British rock band once said, WE WON"T GET FOOLED AGAIN!!! Oh and even after reading the hundreds of pages of religous quotes from Engin....I've come to the conclusion that: JESUS > ALLAH End of. no on€ n€€ds you to turn your back to m€.aft€r r€ading your post i r€alis€d that i should not turn my back to you.dancing with p€opl€ at 9-11? you ar€ saying untruthful things.i would und€rstand armi€s fighting with €achoth€r but killing innoc€nts is a work of €vil.and th€y ar€ not th€ only on€s who kills innoc€nt civillians!!! |
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Post by enginterzi on Feb 15, 2011 19:31:14 GMT -5
btw, i dont go to Mosqu€! n€ith€r m€€t imams.but you writ€ things that you only accus€ without €v€n knowing if it is tru€ or not.sam€ as th€ bioligical & ch€mical w€apons in Iraq.you can not €v€n writ€ dir€ctly to m€.you ar€ just anoth€r coward playing to oth€rs,
"h€y i start€d so €v€ryon€ join m€.l€t us finish him"..
typical..
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Post by enginterzi on Feb 15, 2011 19:39:17 GMT -5
probably you hav€ n€v€r m€t som€on€ who t€lls his mind op€nly that you ar€ thinking if h€ is saying this much op€nly th€n who knows what mor€ h€ hid€s in hims€lf,corr€ct?
no,you ar€ wrong.. no mor€ no l€ss all you r€ad is my thought.you may b€ brainwash€d by your m€dia or warlords but i mak€ my own d€sicions about oth€rs.
i w€nt to Christian church€s wh€n i was in USA t€ns of tim€s and discuss€d with pri€sts about r€ligion fac€ to fac€ in hon€st way as a singl€ man in an €x KKK town.i got r€sp€ct€d and i r€sp€ct€d thos€ p€opl€.
on€ of my b€st fri€nds is Immanu€l is a Christian and i taught him armwr€stling.w€ stay in sam€ room wh€n w€ comp€t€ at 2009 WAF in Italy w€ r€ad th€ Jam€s from Bibl€ tog€th€r and comp€t€d th€ €v€nt.
so judg€ m€ with what i say,not with your ill paranoias.
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Post by enginterzi on Feb 15, 2011 20:05:56 GMT -5
you can also r€ad how Turkish €mbassador has sav€d J€ws popl€ from th€ Nazis; en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necdet_Kent y€s his nam€ was N€cd€t K€nt and his son is th€ pr€sid€nt of Coca Cola today (a J€ws Company) r€ad car€fully,do not mix us with oth€rs ; "Ýsmail Necdet Kent (1911 – September 20, 2002) was a Turkish diplomat who risked his life to save Jews during World War II. While vice consul-general in Marseilles, France between 1941 and 1944, he gave Turkish citizenship to dozens of Turkish Jews living in France who did not have proper identity papers, to save them from deportation to the Nazi gas chambers." At some time in 1943, an assistant at the Turkish consulate told Kent that the Germans had just loaded 80 Turkish Jews living in Marseilles into cattle cars for immediate transport to probable death in Germany. Kent later recalled, "To this day, I remember the inscription on the wagon: 'This wagon may be loaded with 20 head of cattle and 500 kilograms of grass'."[1][2] Kent approached the Gestapo commander at the station, and demanded that the Jews be released, as they were Turkish citizens and Turkey was neutral. The official refused to do so, saying that the people were nothing but Jews.[3] Kent and his assistant quickly got on the train, too. The German official asked him to get off, but Kent refused. At the next station, German officers boarded and apologized to Kent for not letting him off at Marseilles; they had a car waiting outside to return him to his office. Kent explained that the mistake was that 80 Turkish citizens had been loaded on the train. "As a representative of a government that rejected such treatment for religious beliefs, I could not consider leaving them there," he said. Surprised at his uncompromising stance, the Germans ultimately let everyone off the train.[4] "I would never forget," Kent later said, "those embraces around our necks and hands ... the expressions of gratitude in the eyes of the people we rescued ... the inner peace I felt when I reached my bed towards morning."[5] Kent's heroism was not limited to this one action. In contrast to some of other foreign representatives stationed in Marseilles, Kent reached out to the Jewish community, issuing Turkish identity documents to scores of Turkish Jews living in southern France, or those who had fled there and did not hold valid Turkish passports.[6] Kent went to Gestapo headquarters to protest against their latest action in Marseilles: the stripping of males in the street to determine whether or not they were Jews (by circumcision). The consul-general rebuked the German commander and informed him that circumcision did not necessarily prove an individual's Jewishness. Kent said, "When I saw the emptiness in the commander's eyes, I realize that he did not understand what I am saying. And I said that I will accept to be examined by their doctors." He told the Germans that Muslim men, as he was, were also circumcised. [7] After World War II, Kent continued his career in the Turkish foreign service. He served at the Turkish consulate in New York. He also was at different times the Turkish ambassador to Thailand, India, Sweden, and Poland.[8] Necdet Kent married and had children.[9] One son was Muhtar Kent, president of The Coca Cola Company from July 2008. |
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Post by enginterzi on Feb 15, 2011 20:10:17 GMT -5
I can tell you that I will never turn my back on him or any other foreign Muslim your fath€rs turn€d th€ir back to Turks in Kor€a,ask th€m if th€ir back was prot€ct€d or not! "4500 soldiers in the middle of the firing line have known how to create miracle. The sacrifices of the Turks will eternally remain in our minds." - Washington Tribune "The courageous battles of the Turkish Brigade have created a favorable effect on the whole United Nations Forces." - Time"The surprise of the Korean battles were not the Chinese but the Turks. It is impossible at this moment to find a word to describe the heroism which the Turks have shown in the battles." - Abent Post"The Turks have shown in Kunuri a heroism worthy of their glorious history. The Turks have gained the admiration of the whole world through their glorious fighting in the battles." - Figaro"The Turks who have been known throughout history by their courage and decency, have proved that they have kept these characteristics, in the war which the United Nations undertook in Korea." - Burner - U.S. Congressman"There is no one left who does not know that the Turks, our valuable allies, are hard warriors and that they have accomplished very great feats at the front." - Claude Pepper, U.S. Senator"I now understand that the vote I gave in favor of assistance to Turkey was the most fitting vote I gave in my life. Courage, bravery and heroism are the greatest virtues which will sooner or later conquer. In this matter, I know no nation superior to the Turks." - Rose - U.S. Senator"While the Turks were for a long time fighting against the enemy and dying, the British and Americans were withdrawing. The Turks, who were out of ammunition, affixed their bayonets and attacked the enemy and there ensued a terrible hand to hand combat. The Turks succeeded in withdrawing by continuous combat and by carrying their injured comrades on their backs. They paraded at Pyongyang with their heads held high." - G.G. Martin - British Lieutenant General "The Turkish forces have shown success above that expected in the battles they gave in Korea." - General Collings - Commander US Army "We owe the escape of thousands of United Nations troops out of a certain encirclement to the heroism of the Turkish soldiers. The Turkish soldiers in Korea have added a new and unforgettable page of honor to the customs and legends of heroism of the Turkish nation." - Emanuel Shinwell - U.K. Minister of Defense"The heroic soldiers of a heroic nation, you have saved the Eighth Army and the IX'th Army Crops from encirclement and the 2nd Division from destruction. I came here today to thank you on behalf of the United Nations Army." - General Walton H. Walker, Commander, Eighth Army"The Turks are the hero of heroes. There is no impossibility for the Turkish Brigade." - General Douglas MacArthur - United Nations Forces Commander in Chief "The military situation in Korea is being followed with concern by the whole American public. But in these concerned days, the heroism shown by the Turks has given hope to the American nation. It has inculeated them with courage. The American public fully appreciates the value of the services rendered by the Turkish Brigade and knows that because of them the Eighth American Army could withdraw without disarray. The American public understands that the United Nations Forces in Korea were saved from encirclement and from falling in to the hands of the communists by the heroism shown by the Turks." - 2 December 1950, from the commentary of a US radio commentator The Turkish Brigade, as can be understood from the summary of the Kunuri battles and the echoes it produced in the world, had successfully accomplished its mission. The Brigade was proud to have informed the country of the news of success which the state and nation expected, at the highest level. A handful of soldiers had provided the state with power, great opportunities and esteem. |
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Post by Logan Schuetzle on Feb 15, 2011 20:20:15 GMT -5
From what I've read I do not believe Engin hates Jews, Christians or America. He disagrees with the US's foreign policy in the middle east. To say you would not turn your back on him because of his opinion is wrong. There are Islamic radicals just like there christian radical. I seriously doubt he nor everyday Muslims want to see innocent Americans, Christians or Jews die in the name of Allah. Not ever Muslim is a terrorist  |
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Post by Dan Benoit on Feb 15, 2011 20:39:17 GMT -5
Im gonna forward this to my history teacher. the part that cracks me up is the only source provided was damn wikipedia!!!!!!!!!! the teachers laugh if we use that. Either way, Dixon and Engin probably have a combined IQ over 300 easy and should use it to not call each other idoits over this. After 9 LONG pages, whoever said god made people not religions, is absolutly correct.
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Post by enginterzi on Feb 15, 2011 20:44:28 GMT -5
From what I've read I do not believe Engin hates Jews, Christians or America. He disagrees with the US's foreign policy in the middle east. To say you would not turn your back on him because of his opinion is wrong. There are Islamic radicals just like there christian radical. I seriously doubt he nor everyday Muslims want to see innocent Americans, Christians or Jews die in the name of Allah. Not ever Muslim is a terrorist if my b€li€f would ord€r to kill p€opl€ in th€ nam€ of GOD th€n i would not b€li€v€ in it.why would my GOD want m€ to kill Christians or J€ws whil€ i am €v€n allow€d to marry with th€m? if GOD want€d p€opl€ to di€ th€n why would h€ cr€at€ th€m? if H€ want€d €v€ryon€ to b€li€v€ th€n w€ all would b€li€v€.so €v€ryon€ is fr€€ to choos€ what to b€li€v€ and not to b€li€v€. i would und€rstand p€opl€ to fight against injustic€ but killing innoc€nt p€opl€?! if i €v€r g€t to b€ forc€d to kill an innoc€nt p€rson i would €ith€r shoot th€ p€rson who forc€ m€ to do that or kill my own s€lf. i just say that Zionists slowly st€aling Pal€stanian's land and US politicians should not support such thing.you may think diff€r€ntly but saying that i danc€d with p€opl€ who c€l€brat€d 9-11 €tc ar€ untruthful things and i hav€ not s€€n any singl€ p€rson who was dancing around m€. a Muslim who is €ducat€d would n€v€r touch innoc€nt p€opl€ and would only fight to prot€ct his rights. som€ g€ts off€nd€d if i criticis€ politicians but do you think i do not g€t off€nd€d wh€n you point your fing€rs unto ov€r billion p€opl€ as "t€rrorists" in €v€ry opportunity? i just do not s€€ thos€ €vil p€opl€ around m€.€v€ryon€ h€lps €v€ryon€ ov€r h€r€.i go to comp€t€tions and my n€igbours' wif€s do €v€rything th€y can to h€lp my wif€ b€caus€ sh€ is from anoth€r country (Latvia).sh€ €v€n can not b€li€v€ how warm & fri€ndly p€opl€ th€y ar€. anywats its 3.45 am h€r€ and i go to b€d. |
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Post by enginterzi on Feb 15, 2011 20:45:51 GMT -5
Im gonna forward this to my history teacher. the part that cracks me up is the only source provided was damn wikipedia!!!!!!!!!! . i will find b€tt€r sourc€s for you.just wait littl€ bit mor€. |
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Post by enginterzi on Feb 15, 2011 20:47:47 GMT -5
a J€ws library works? www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Judaism/expulsion.htmlThe Spanish Expulsion, 1492 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- In the same month in which their Majesties [Ferdinand and Isabella] issued the edict that all Jews should be driven out of the kingdom and its territories, in the same month they gave me the order to undertake with sufficient men my expedition of discovery to the Indies." So begins Christopher Columbus's diary. The expulsion that Columbus refers to was so cataclysmic an event that ever since, the date 1492 has been almost as important in Jewish history as in American history. On July 30 of that year, the entire Jewish community, some 200,000 people, were expelled from Spain. Tens of thousands of refugees died while trying to reach safety. In some instances, Spanish ship captains charged Jewish passengers exorbitant sums, then dumped them overboard in the middle of the ocean. In the last days before the expulsion, rumors spread throughout Spain that the fleeing refugees had swallowed gold and diamonds, and many Jews were knifed to death by brigands hoping to find treasures in their stomachs. The Jews' expulsion had been the pet project of the Spanish Inquisition, headed by Father Tomas de Torquemada. Torquemada believed that as long as the Jews remained in Spain, they would influence the tens of thousands of recent Jewish converts to Christianity to continue practicing Judaism. Ferdinand and Isabella rejected Torquemada's demand that the Jews be expelled until January 1492, when the Spanish Army defeated Muslim forces in Granada, thereby restoring the whole of Spain to Christian rule. With their most important project, the country's unification, accomplished, the king and queen concluded that the Jews were expendable. On March 30, they issued the expulsion decree, the order to take effect in precisely four months. The short time span was a great boon to the rest of Spain, as the Jews were forced to liquidate their homes and businesses at absurdly low prices. Throughout those frantic months, Dominican priests actively encouraged Jews to convert to Christianity and thereby gain salvation both in this world and the next. The most fortunate of the expelled Jews succeeded in escaping to Turkey. Sultan Bajazet welcomed them warmly. "How can you call Ferdinand of Aragon a wise king," he was fond of asking, "the same Ferdinand who impoverished his own land and enriched ours?" Among the most unfortunate refugees were those who fled to neighboring Portugal. In 1496, King Manuel of Portugal concluded an agreement to marry Isabella, the daughter of Spain's monarchs. As a condition of the marriage, the Spanish royal family insisted that Portugal expel her Jews. King Manuel agreed, although he was reluctant to lose his affluent and accomplished Jewish community. In the end, only eight Portuguese Jews were actually expelled; tens of thousands of others were forcibly converted to Christianity on pain of death. The chief rabbi, Simon Maimi, was one of those who refused to convert. He was kept buried in earth up to his neck for seven days until he died. In the final analysis, all of these events took place because of the relentless will of one man, Tomas de Torquemada. The Spanish Jews who ended up in Turkey, North Africa, Italy, and elsewhere throughout Europe and the Arab world, were known as Sephardim — Sefarad being the Hebrew name for Spain. After the expulsion, the Sephardim imposed an informal ban forbidding Jews from ever again living in Spain. Specifically because their earlier sojourn in that country had been so happy, the Jews regarded the expulsion as a terrible betrayal, and have remembered it ever since with particular bitterness. Of the dozens of expulsions directed against Jews throughout their history, the one from Spain remains the most infamous. |
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Post by enginterzi on Feb 15, 2011 20:52:17 GMT -5
www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vjw/Turkey.htmlJewish communities in Anatolia flourished and continued to prosper through the Turkish conquest. When the Ottomans captured Bursa in 1324 and made it their capital, they found a Jewish community oppressed under Byzantine rule. The Jews welcomed the Ottomans as saviors. Sultan Orhan gave them permission to build the Etz ha-Hayyim (Tree of Life) synagogue which remained in service until 50 years ago. Early in the 14th century, when the Ottomans had established their capital at Edirne, Jews from Europe, including Karaites, migrated there.1 Similarly, Jews expelled from Hungary in 1376, from France by Charles VI in September 1394, and from Sicily early in the 15th century found refuge in the Ottoman Empire. In the 1420s, Jews from Salonika then under Venetian control fled to Edirne.2 Ottoman rule was much kinder than Byzantine rule had been. In fact, from the early 15th century on, the Ottomans actively encouraged Jewish immigration. Western European Jews received three invitations to settle in the Ottoman Empire. Two were from Muslim sultans, Muhammad (Mehmet) II in the middle of the 15th century and Bayazid II in 1492. The third came in a letter sent by Rabbi Yitzhak Sarfati (from Edirne) in 1454 to Jewish communities in Europe in the first part of the century that "invited his coreligionists to leave the torments they were enduring in Christiandom and to seek safety and prosperity in Turkey."3 Rabbi Sarfati wrote that “here every man dwells at peace under his own vine and fig tree.”3 When Mehmet II "the Conqueror" took Constantinople in 1453, he encountered an oppressed Romaniot (Byzantine) Jewish community which welcomed him with enthusiasm. Sultan Mehmet II issued a proclamation to all Jews "... to ascend the site of the Imperial Throne, to dwell in the best of the land, each beneath his Dine and his fig tree, with silver and with gold, with wealth and with cattle...".4 In 1470, Jews expelled from Bavaria by Ludvig X found refuge in the Ottoman Empire.5 A Haven for Sephardic Jewry Sultan Bayazid II's offer of refuge gave new hope to the persecuted Sephardim. In 1492, the Sultan ordered the governors of the provinces of the Ottoman Empire "not to refuse the Jews entry or cause them difficulties, but to receive them cordially."6 According to Bernard Lewis, "the Jews were not just permitted to settle in the Ottoman lands, but were encouraged, assisted and sometimes even compelled". Immanual Aboab attributes to Bayazid II the famous remark that "the Catholic monarch Ferdinand was wrongly considered as wise, since he impoverished Spain by the expulsion of the Jews, and enriched Turkey."7 The arrival of the Sephardim altered the structure of the community and the original group of Romaniote Jews was totally absorbed These Jews settled in various Ottoman cities, such as Salonika, but it was not until the late sixteenth century that they moved to Smyrna, which has become a major port city. The arrival of the Sephardim altered the structure of the community and the original group of Romaniote Jews (descendants of Greek-speaking Jews) was totally absorbed. Over the centuries an increasing number of European Jews, escaping persecution in their native countries, settled in the Ottoman Empire. In 1537 the Jews expelled from Apulia (Italy) after the city fell under Papal control, in 1542 those expelled from Bohemia by King Ferdinand found a safe haven in the Ottoman Empire.8 In March of 1556, Sultan Suleyman "the Magnificent" wrote a letter to Pope Paul IV asking for the immediate release of the Ancona Marranos, which he declared to be Ottoman citizens. The Pope had no other alternative than to release them, the Ottoman Empire being the "Super Power" of those days. By 1477, Jewish households in Istanbul numbered 1,647 or 11% of the total. Half a century later, 8,070 Jewish houses were listed in the city. The Life of Ottoman Jews For 300 years following the expulsion, the prosperity and creativity of the Ottoman Jews rivaled that of the Golden Age of Spain. Four Turkish cities: Istanbul, Izmir, Safed and Salonica became the centers of Sephardic Jewry. The Tu B’Shevat seder was developed in Izmir in the seventeenth century. The creator may have been Shabetai Zvi, the pseudo Messiah and founder of the Sabbatean movement. In reaction to Zvi, Izmir's Jews withdrew from any secular pursuits Most of the court physicians were Jews: Hakim Yakoub, Joseph and Moshe Hamon, Daniel Fonseca, Gabriel Buenauentura to name only very few ones. One of the most significant innovations that Jews brought to the Ottoman Empire was the printing press. In 1493, only one year after their expulsion from Spain, David & Samuel ibn Nahmias established the first Hebrew printing press in Istanbul. Ottoman diplomacy was often carried out by Jews. Joseph Nasi, appointed the Duke of Naxos, was the former Portuguese Marrano Joao Miques. Another Portuguese Marrano, Aluaro Mandes, was named Duke of Mytylene in return of his diplomatic services to the Sultan. Salamon ben Nathan Eskenazi arranged the first diplomatic ties with the British Empire. Jewish women such as Dona Gracia Mendes Nasi "La Seniora" and Esther Kyra exercised considerable influence in the Court. In the free air of the Ottoman Empire, Jewish literature flourished. Joseph Caro compiled the Shulkhan Arukh. Shlomo haLevi Alkabes composed the Lekhah Dodi a hymn which welcomes the Sabbath according to both Sephardic and Ashkenazi ritual. Jacob Culi began to write the famous MeAm Loez. Rabbi Abraham ben Isaac Assa became known as the father of Judeo-Spanish literature. On October 27, 1840 Sultan Abdulmecid issued his famous ferman concerning the "Blood Libel Accusation" saying: "... and for the love we bear to our subjects, we cannot permit the Jewish nation, whose innocence for the crime alleged against them is evident, to be worried and tormented as a consequence of accusations which have not the least foundation in truth...". Under Ottoman tradition, each non-Moslem religious community was responsible for its own institutions, including schools. In the early 19th century, Abraham de Camondo established a modern school, "La Escola", causing a serious conflict between conservative and secular rabbis which was only settled by the intervention of Sultan Abdulaziz in 1864. The same year the Takkanot haKehilla (By-laws of the Jewish Community) was published, defining the structure of the Jewish community. Equality and a New Republic Efforts at reform of the Ottoman Empire led to the proclamation of the Hatti Humayun in 1856, which made all Ottoman citizens, Moslem and non-Moslem alike, equal under the law. As a result, leadership of the community began to shift away from the religious figure to secular forces. World War I brought to an end the glory of the Ottoman Empire. In its place rose the young Turkish Republic. Mustafa Kemal Ataturk was elected president, the Caliphate was abolished and a secular constitution was adopted. Recognized in 1923 by the Treaty of Lausanne as a fully independent state within its present-day borders, Turkey accorded minority rights to the three principal non-Moslem religious minorities and permitted them to carry on with their own schools, social institutions and funds. In 1926, on the eve of Turkey's adoption of the Swiss Civil Code, the Jewish Community renounced its minority status on personal rights. During the tragic days of World War II, Turkey managed to maintain its neutrality. As early as 1933 Ataturk invited numbers of prominent German Jewish professors to flee Nazi Germany and settle in Turkey. Before and during the war years, these scholars contributed a great deal to the development of the Turkish university system. During World War II, Turkey served as a safe passage for many Jews fleeing the horrors of the Nazism. While the Jewish communities of Greece were wiped out almost completely by Hitler, the Turkish Jews remained secure. Several Turkish diplomats, Ambassadors Behic Erkin and Numan Menemencioglu; Consul Generals Fikret Sefik Ozdoganci, Bedii Arbel, Selahattin Ulkumen; Consuls Namik Kemal Yolga and Necdet Kent, just to name a few, spent all their efforts to save from the Holocaust the Turkish Jews in those countries, and succeeded.9 Mr. Salahattin Ulkumen, Consul General at Rhodes in 1943-1944, has been recognized by the Yad Vashem as a Righteous Gentile ("Hassid Umot ha'Olam") in June 1990. Turkey continues to be a shelter, a haven for all those who have to flee dogmatism, intolerance and persecution.Turkish Jews Today The present size of Jewish Community is estimated at around 20,000, out of a total population of 70 million. The vast majority, about 18,000, live in Istanbul, with a community of about 1,500 in Izmir and other smaller groups located in Adana, Ankara, Bursa, Canakkale, Iskenderun and Kirklareli. Sephardis make up 96% of the Community, with Ashkenazis accounting for the rest. There are about 100 Karaites, an independent group that does not accept the authority of the Chief Rabbi. Turkish Jews are legally represented, as they have been for many centuries, by the Hahambasi, the Chief Rabbi. Rav David Asseo, Chief Rabbi since his election in 1961, is assisted by a religious Council made up of a Rosh Bet Din and three Hahamim. Thirty-five Lay Counselors look after the secular affairs of the Community and an Executive Committee of fourteen, the president of which must be elected from among the Lay Counselors, runs the daily affairs.
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Post by enginterzi on Feb 15, 2011 20:53:31 GMT -5
After 9 LONG pages, whoever said god made people not religions, is absolutly correct. b€caus€ Dan says so... ok.. |
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Post by enginterzi on Feb 15, 2011 21:01:38 GMT -5
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Post by enginterzi on Feb 15, 2011 21:04:54 GMT -5
Im gonna forward this to my history teacher. the part that cracks me up is the only source provided was damn wikipedia!!!!!!!!!! the teachers laugh if we use that. Either way, Dixon and Engin probably have a combined IQ over 300 easy and should use it to not call each other idoits over this. After 9 LONG pages, whoever said god made people not religions, is absolutly correct. so i provid€d you J€ws sourc€s.ar€ you satisfi€d now or still laughing?! i can provid€ you mor€ sinc€ you look lik€ a p€rson who is hard to b€ satisfi€d €v€n though whol€ world know that w€ sav€d J€ws in 1492  |
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Post by enginterzi on Feb 15, 2011 21:25:30 GMT -5
From what I've read I do not believe Engin hates Jews, Christians or America. He disagrees with the US's foreign policy in the middle east. To say you would not turn your back on him because of his opinion is wrong. There are Islamic radicals just like there christian radical. I seriously doubt he nor everyday Muslims want to see innocent Americans, Christians or Jews die in the name of Allah. Not ever Muslim is a terrorist forg€t about wanting to s€€ innoc€nt Am€ricans or oth€rs to di€,all i want US soldi€rs to arriv€ th€ir b€lov€d on€s saf€ly as soon as possibl€. som€ p€opl€ s€riously hav€ probl€ms i can not b€li€v€ that i am €v€n answ€ring such accusations. i b€li€v€ Gil€s is th€ on€ who wants this in th€ opposit€ way and that is why h€ has such paranoias in his h€ad.if you want to kill p€opl€ you also f€ar that th€y want to kill you. i hav€ b€€n handcuff€d and put into jail b€caus€ of a stupid misund€rstanding wh€n i tri€d to €nt€r US in 2006.but €v€n sinc€ th€n i host€d Travis and John in th€ b€st way that i could. i am sick of your paranoias.. |
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